Overview

The Andhra Pradesh Engineering, Agriculture and Pharmacy Common Entrance Test (AP-EAPCET), earlier known as AP EAMCET is conducted by Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada (JNTUK) on behalf of Andhra Pradesh State Council of Higher Education (APSCHE). This Examination is the pre-requisite for admission into various professional courses offered in the University/ Private Colleges in the State of Andhra Pradesh.

Important Dates

Selection Process

The AP EAPCET 2026 selection process involves a computer-based test followed by centralized counselling, with final merit ranks determined by a combined score: 75%  weightage for EAPCET marks and 25%  for Class 12 (IPE) results. Counselling includes registration, document verification, web options entry, seat allotment, and reporting.

AP EAPCET 2026 Selection Process Steps

• Application & Registration: Candidates must apply online via the APSCHE website, providing personal, academic, and contact details.
• Admit Card Download: Eligible candidates download their hall tickets from the official portal, {Link: cets.apsche.ap.gov.in https://cets.apsche.ap.gov.in/}.
• Entrance Exam: A computer-based test (CBT) covering Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry for Engineering or Biology, Physics, and Chemistry for Agriculture/Pharmacy.
• Normalization & Ranking: To account for variations in difficulty across different sessions, a normalization process is applied.
• Merit List & Weightage: Final ranks are determined based on a weightage of 75% (EAPCET score) and 25% (IPE/12th board marks).

Counselling and Seat Allotment:

• Document Verification: Online or in-person verification of certificates.
• Web Options Entry: Candidates select their preferred colleges and courses, based on the results from the Careers360 website.
• Allotment: Seats are allotted based on rank, category, and options filled.
• Reporting: Candidates report to the allotted college for final admission.

Eligibility and Qualifying Marks

• Minimum Qualifying: Generally, candidates must secure at least 25% marks (e.g., 40 out of 160) to qualify for ranking.
• Eligibility: Candidates must be Indian nationals, residents of Andhra Pradesh, and meet specific age and educational qualifications (10+2 passing with required subjects).

Eligibility Criteria

Nationality and Region

• Candidates should be of Indian Nationality or Persons of Indian Origin (PIO)/ Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) Card Holders.
• Candidates should belong to the state of Andhra Pradesh/Telangana. The candidates should satisfy local/ non-local status requirements as laid down in Telangana / Andhra Pradesh.

Qualifying Examination

• Candidates should have passed or appeared for the final year of Intermediate Examination (10+2 pattern) with Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry as optional or related vocational courses in the fields of Engineering and Technology.
• Candidate should obtain at least 45% marks (40% in case of candidate belongs to reserved category) in the subjects specified taken together in the qualifying examination.

Age Limit

• Candidates should have completed 16 years of age as of  December 31 of the year of admission.
• There is no upper age limit.

Syllabus & Exam Pattern

Exam Pattern

• The exam will be a computer-based test of 3 hours duration.
• There will be 160 questions in all comprising 80 questions of Mathematics, 40 questions of Physics and 40 questions of Chemistry.
• All the questions will be Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) i.e. each question will have four choices, only one being the correct choice.
• Candidates will be awarded 1 mark for each correct answer.
• There will be no negative marking for wrong answers.
• The medium of the question paper will be English and Telugu only.

Note: Candidates who have studied the qualifying examination in Urdu medium and wish to avail assistance for translating the questions into Urdu, will be allotted a Test Centre at Kurnool only.

Syllabus

Mathematics

1. Algebra (a) Functions Types of functions – Definitions - Inverse functions & Theorems - Domain, Range and Inverse. (b) Mathematical Induction Principles of Mathematical Induction & Theorems – Applications of Mathematical Induction – Problems on divisibility. (c) Matrices Types of matrices - Scalar multiple of a matrix and multiplication of matrices - Transpose of a matrix – Determinants - properties of determinants - Adjoint and Inverse of a matrix – Consistency and inconsistency of system of simultaneous equations - Rank of a matrix - Solution of simultaneous linear equations. (d) Complex Numbers Complex number as an ordered pair of real numbers- fundamental operations - Representation of complex numbers in the form a+- Modulus and amplitude of complex numbers–Illustrations - Geometrical and Polar Representation of complex numbers in Argand plane-Argand diagram. (e) De Moivre’s Theorem De Moivre’s theorem- Integral and Rational indices - n th roots of unity- Geometrical Interpretations–Illustrations. (f) Quadratic Expressions Quadratic expressions, equations in one variable - Sign of quadratic expressions – Change in signs – Maximum and minimum values - Quadratic Inequations. (g) Theory of Equations The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation - Solving an equations when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation - Equation with real coefficients, occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its consequences, Transformation of equations- Reciprocal equations. (h) Permutations and Combinations Fundamental principle of counting–linear and circular permutations- Permutations of ‘n’ dissimilar things taken ‘r’ at a time - Permutations when repetitions allowed - Circular permutations - Permutations with constraint repetitions - Combinations-definitions, certain theorems. (i) Binomial Theorem Binomial theorem for positive integral index, Binomial theorem for rational Index - Approximations using Binomial theorem (j) Partial fractions Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains non –repeated linear factors - Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) where both f(x) and g(x) are polynomials and when g(x) contains repeated and/or non-repeated linear factors - Partial fractions of f(x)/g(x) when g(x) contains irreducible factors.

2. Trigonometry (a) Trigonometric Ratios upto Transformations Trigonometric ratios – Variation - Graphs and Periodicity of Trigonometric functions - Trigonometric ratios of Compound angles - Trigonometric ratios of multiple and sub- multiple angles - Transformations - Sum and Product rules. (b) Trigonometric Equations General solutions of Trigonometric Equations – Simple Trigonometric Equations – Solutions. (c) Inverse Trigonometric Functions To reduce a Trigonometric function into a bijective function – Graphs of Inverse Trigonometric functions – Properties of Inverse Trigonometric functions. (d) Hyperbolic Functions Definition of Hyperbolic Function – Graphs - Definition of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions – Graphs - Addition formulae of Hyperbolic Functions. (e) Properties of Triangles Relation between sides and angles of a Triangle - Sine, Cosine, Tangent and Projection rules- Half angle formulae and areas of a triangle – Incircle and Excircles of a Triangle.
3.  Vector Algebra (a) Addition of Vectors Vectors as a triad of real numbers - Classification of vectors - Addition of vectors - Scalar multiplication - Angle between two non-zero vectors - Linear combination of vectors - Components of a vector in three dimensions - Vector equations of line and plane including their cartesian equivalent forms. (b) Product of Vectors Scalar or dot product of two vectors - Geometrical Interpretations - Orthogonal projections - Properties of dot product - Expression of dot product in i, j, k system - Angle between two vectors - Geometrical Vector methods – Vector equations of plane in normal form-Angle between two planes- Vector product of two vectors and properties- Vector product in i, j, k system- Vector Areas – Scalar triple product – Vector equation of a plane – Different forms, skew lines, shortest distance – Plane, condition for coplanarity etc. – Vector triple product – Results.
4. Measures Dispersion and Probability (a) Measures of Dispersion Range - Mean deviation - Variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped data, coefficient of variation and analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances. (b) Probability Random experiments and events - Classical definition of probability, Axiomatic approach and addition theorem of probability - Independent and dependent events - Conditional probability- Multiplication theorem and Baye’s theorem. (c) Random Variables and Probability Distributions Random Variables - Theoretical discrete distributions – Binomial and Poisson Distributions.
5.  Coordinate Geometry (a) Locus Definition of locus – Illustrations-To find equations of locus-problems connected to it. (b) Transformation of Axes Transformation of Axes – Rules, derivations and illustrations – Rotation of Axes – Derivations – Illustrations. (c) The Straight Line Revision of fundamental results - Straight line - Normal form – Illustrations - Straight line - Symmetric form - Straight line - Reduction into various forms - Intersection of two straight lines - Family of straight lines - Concurrent lines - Condition for concurrent lines - Angle between two lines - Length of perpendicular from a point to a Line - Distance between two parallel lines - Concurrent lines - Properties related to a triangle. (d) Pair of Straight lines Equations of pair of lines passing through origin - Angle between a pair of lines - Condition for perpendicular and coincident lines, bisectors of angles - Pair of bisectors of angles - Pair of lines - Second degree general equation - Conditions for parallel lines - distance between them, Point of intersection of pair of lines - Homogenising a second degree equation with a first degree equation in x and y. (e) Circle Equation of circle -standard form-centre and radius - Equation of a circle with a given line segment as diameter & equation of circle through three non collinear points - Parametric equations of a circle - Position of a point in the plane of a circle – Power of a point-definition of tangent-length of tangent - Position of a straight line in the plane of a circle-Conditions for a line to be tangent – Chord joining two points on a circle – Equation of the tangent at a point on the circle- point of Contact-Equation of normal-Chord of contact-Pole and Polar-Conjugate points and conjugate lines- Equation of chord with given middle point, Relative position of two circles- Circles touching each other externally, internally common tangents –centers of similitude- Equation of pair of tangents from an external point. (f) System of circles Angle between two intersecting circles –Condition for orthogonality - Radical axis of two circles- Properties- Common chord and common tangent of two circles – radical centre - Intersection of a line and a Circle. (g) Parabola Conic sections –Parabola- equation of parabola in standard form-Different forms of parabola- Parametric equations, Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the parabola (Cartesian and Parametric)- Conditions for straight line to be a tangent. (h) Ellipse Equation of ellipse in standard form- Parametric equations, Equation of tangent and normal at a point on the ellipse (Cartesian and parametric)- Condition for a straight line to be a tangent. (i) Hyperbola Equation of hyperbola in standard form- Parametric equations - Equations of tangent and normal at a point on the hyperbola (Cartesian and parametric) - Conditions for a straight line to be tangent-Asymptotes. (j) Three Dimensional Coordinates Coordinates - Section formulae - Centroid of a triangle and tetrahedron. (k) Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios Direction Cosines –Direction Ratios. (l) Plane Cartesian equation of a Plane –Simple Illustrations.
6. Calculas (a) Limits and Continuity Intervals and neighbourhoods – Limits - Standard Limits–Continuity. (b) Differentiation Derivative of a function - Elementary Properties - Trigonometric, Inverse Trigonometric, Hyperbolic, Inverse Hyperbolic Function – Derivatives - Methods of Differentiation – Second Order Derivatives. (c) Applications of Derivatives Errors & Approximations - Geometrical Interpretation of a derivative - Equations of tangents and normal to a curve – Lengths of Tangent, Normal, Subtangent and Subnormal - Angles between two curves and condition for orthogonality of curves – Derivative as a rate of change – Rolle’s theorem and Lagrange’s Mean value theorem - Increasing and decreasing functions - Maxima and Minima. (d) Integration Integration as the inverse process of differentiation- Standard forms - Properties of integrals - Method of substitution- Integration of Algebraic, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric and inverse Trigonometric functions - Integration by parts – Integration by the method of substitution – Integration of algebraic and trigonometric functions – Integration by parts – Integration of exponential, logarithmic and inverse trigonometric functions – Integration - Partial fractions method – Reduction formulae. (e) Definite Integrals Definite Integral as the limit of sum, Interpretation of Definite Integral as an area. Fundamental theorem of Integral Calculus. Properties, Reduction formulae, Application of Definite integral to areas. (f) Differential equations Formation of differential equation - Degree and order of an ordinary differential equation - Solving differential equation by (i) Variables separable method, (ii) Homogeneous differential equation, (iii) Non Homogeneous differential equation (iv) Linear differential equations

Physics

1. Physical World What is physics? Scope and excitement of physics. Physics, technology and society, Fundamental forces in nature, Nature of physical laws.

2. Units and Measurement The international system of units, Measurement of length, Measurement of Large Distances, Estimation of very small distances, Size of a Molecule, Range of Lengths, Measurement of mass, Range of masses, Measurement of time, Accuracy, precision of instruments and errors in measurement, Systematic errors, random errors, least count error, Absolute error, Relative error and Percentage error, Combination of errors, Significant figures, Rules for arithmetic operations with significant Figures, Rounding off the uncertain digits, Rules for Determining the uncertainty in the results of arithmetic calculations, Dimensions of physical Quantities, Dimensional formulae and dimensional equations, Dimensional analysis and its applications, Checking the dimensional consistency of equations, Deducing relation among the physical quantities.

3. Motion in a State Line Position, Path length and displacement, average velocity and Average speed, Instantaneous velocity and speed, acceleration, Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion, Relative velocity.

4. Motion in a Plane Scalars and vectors, Position and displacement vectors, Equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by real numbers, Addition and subtraction of vectors - Graphical

method, resolution of vectors, Vector addition - Analytical method, motion in a plane, position vector and displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, motion in a plane with constant acceleration, relative velocity in two dimensions, Projectile motion, Equation of path of a projectile, Time of maximum height, Maximum height of a projectile, horizontal range of projectile, Uniform circular motion.

5. Laws of Motion Aristotle’s fallacy, Laws of inertia, Newton’s first law of motion, Newton’s second law of motion- Momentum, Impulse, Newton’s third law of motion, conservation of momentum, Equilibrium of a particle, Common forces in mechanics, Friction, types of Friction, Static, kinetic and rolling frictions, Circular motion, Motion of a car on a level road, Motion of a car on a banked road, Solving problems in mechanics.

6. Work, Energy and Power The Scalar Product, Notions of work and kinetic energy, The work-energy theorem, Work, Kinetic energy, Work done by a variable force, The work-Energy theorem for a variable force, The concept of Potential Energy, The conservation of mechanical energy, The Potential Energy of a spring, Various forms of Energy, Heat, Chemical Energy, Electrical Energy, The Equivalence of Mass and Energy, Nuclear Energy, The Principle of Conservation of Energy, Power, Collisions, Elastic and Inelastic Collisions, Collisions in one dimension, Coefficient of Restitution and its determination, Collisions in Two Dimensions.

7. System of Particles and Rotational Motion Rigid body motion, Centre of mass, Centre of gravity, Motion of centre of mass, Linear momentum of a system of particles, Vector product of two vectors, Angular velocity and its relation with linear velocity, Angular acceleration, Kinematics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, Moment of force (Torque), Angular momentum of particle, Torque and angular momentum for a system of a particles - Conservation of angular momentum, Equilibrium of a rigid body, Principle of moments, Moment of inertia, Dynamics of rotational motion about a fixed axis, Angular momentum in case of rotation about a fixed axis - conservation of angular momentum, Rolling motion, Kinetic Energy of Rolling Motion.

8. Oscillations Periodic and oscillatory motions, Period and frequency, Displacement, Simple harmonic motion (SHM), Simple harmonic motion and uniform circular motion, Velocity and acceleration in simple harmonic motion, Force law for Simple harmonic Motion, Energy in simple

harmonic motion, some systems executing simple harmonic motion, Oscillations due to a spring, The Simple Pendulum, Damped simple harmonic motion, Forced oscillations and resonance.

9. Gravitation Kepler’s laws, Universal law of gravitation, central forces, the gravitational constant, Acceleration due to gravity of the Earth, Acceleration due to gravity below and above the surface of earth, Gravitational potential energy, Escape speed, Orbital Speed, Earth satellites, Energy of an orbiting satellite, Geostationary and polar satellites, Weightlessness.

10. Mechanical Properties of Solids Elastic behaviour of solids, Stress and strain, Hooke’s law, Stress-strain curve, Elastic moduli, Young’s Modulus, Determination of Young’s Modulus of the Material of a Wire, Shear Modulus, Bulk Modulus, Poisson’s ratio, Elastic potential energy in a stretched wire, Applications of elastic behaviour of materials.

11. Mechanical Properties of Fluids: Pressure, Pascal’s Law, Variation of Pressure with Depth, Atmospheric pressure and gauge pressure, Hydraulic machines, Archimedes’ principle, Streamline flow, Bernoulli’s principle, Speed of efflux, Torricelli’s Law, Venturi- meter, Blood flow and heart attack, Dynamic lift, Viscosity, Variation of viscosity of fluids with temperature, Stokes’ Law, Reynolds number, Critical Velocity, Surface tension and surface energy, Angle of contact, Drops and bubbles, Capillary rise, Detergents and surface tension.

12. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER: Temperature and heat, Measurement of temperature, Ideal-gas equation and absolute temperature, Thermal expansion, Specific heat capacity, Calorimetry, Change of state, Triple Point, Regelation, Latent Heat, Heat transfer – Conduction, convection and radiation, Black body Radiation, Greenhouse Effect, Newton’s law of cooling and its experimental verification.

13. Thermodybamics Thermal equilibrium, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Heat, Internal Energy and work, First law of thermodynamics, Specific heat capacity, Specific heat capacity of water, Thermodynamic state variables and equation of state, Thermodynamic processes, Quasistatic process, Isothermal Process, Adiabatic Process, Isochoric process, Isobaric process, Cyclic process, Heat engines, Refrigerators and heat pumps, Second law of thermodynamics, Reversible and irreversible processes, Carnot engine, Carnot’s theorem.

14. Kinetic Theory Molecular nature of matter, Behaviour of gases, Boyle’s law, Charles’ law, Kinetic theory of an ideal gas, Pressure of an Ideal gas, Kinetic interpretation of temperature, Law of equipartition of energy, Specific heat capacity, Monatomic gases, Diatomic Gases, Polyatomic Gases, Specific Heat Capacity of solids, Specific heat capacity of water, Mean free path.

15. Waves Transverse and longitudinal waves, wave displacement relation in a progressive wave, amplitude and phase, wavelength and angular wave number, period, angular frequency and frequency, the speed of a travelling wave, speed of a transverse wave on stretched string, speed of a longitudinal wave (speed of sound), the principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves and normal modes, beats, Doppler effect – source moving & Observer stationary, Observer moving and source stationary, both observer and source are moving, applications of doppler effect.

16. Ray Optics and Optical Instrument Reflection of Light by spherical mirrors, Sign convention, Focal length of spherical mirror, Mirror equation, refraction, total internal reflection, total internal reflection in nature and its technological applications, refraction at spherical surfaces and by lenses, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact, refraction through a prism, dispersion by a prism, natural phenomena due to sunlight – Rainbow, Scattering of light, optical instruments, the eye, the simple and compound microscopes, refracting telescope and cassegrain reflecting telescope.

17. Wave Optics Huygens principle, refraction and reflection of plane waves using huygens principle, refraction in a rarer medium (at the denser medium boundary), reflection of a plane wave by a plane surface, The doppler effect, coherent and incoherent addition of waves, interference of light waves and Young’s experiment, Diffraction, Single slit, Resolving power of optical instruments, The validaity of ray optics, Polarisation by scattering, Polarisation by reflection, Plane polarised light, Polaroids

18. Electric Charges and Field Electric charge, conductors and insulators, charging by induction, basic properties of electric charges, additivity of charges, conservation of charge, quantisation of charge, Coulomb’s law, forces between multiple charges, Electric field, electric field due to a system of charges, Physical significance of electric field, Electric field lines, Electric flux, Electric dipole, The field of an electric dipole for points on the axial line and on the equatorial plane, Physical significance of dipoles, dipole in a uniform external field, continuous charge distribution, Gauss’s law, Applications of Gauss’s Law infinitely long straight uniformly charged wire, infinite plane sheet, Field due to uniformly charged thin spherical shell.

19. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance Electrostatic potential, Potential due to a point charge, potential due to an electric dipole, Potential due to a system of charges, equipotential surfaces, relation between field and potential, Potential energy of a system of charges, potential energy in an external field, potential energy of a single charge, Potential energy of a system of two charges in an external field, Potential energy of a dipole in an external field, electrostatics of conductors, dielectrics and polarisation, Electric displacement, Capacitors and capacitance, The parallel plate capacitor, effect of dielectric on capacitance, Combination of capacitors, Capacitors in series, Capacitors in parallel, Energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator.

20. Current Electricity Electric current, electric current in conductors, Ohm’s law, drift of electrons and the origin of resistivity, mobility, limitations of Ohm’s law, Resistivity of various materials, colour code of Resistors, Temperature dependence of resistivity, Electrical energy, power. Combination of Resistors, Series and Parallel, cells, EMF, internal resistance, cells in series and in parallel, Kirchhoff’s rules, Wheatstone bridge, Meter Bridge, Potentiometer.

21. Moving Charges and Magnetism Magnetic force, sources and fields, magnetic field, Lorentz force, magnetic force on a current carrying conductor, motion in a magnetic field, helical motion of charged particles, motion in combined electric and magnetic fields,, Velocity selector, cyclotron, Magnetic field due to a current element, Biot – Savart’s law, Magnetic field on the axis of a circular current loop, Ampere’s circuital law, the solenoid and the toroid, force between two parallel current carrying conductors, The ampere (UNIT), Torque on current loop, magnetic dipole, torque on a rectangular current loop in a uniform magnetic field, Circular current loop as a magnetic dipole, The magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron, The Moving Coil Galvanometer, conversion into ammeter and voltmeter.

c: The bar magnet, the magnetic field lines, bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, The dipole in a uniform magnetic field, the electrostatic analog, Magnetism and Gauss’s Law, The Earth’s magnetism, magnetic declination and dip, magnetisation and magnetic intensity, magnetic properties of materials – Diamagnetism, Para-magnetism and Ferromagnetism, permanent magnets and electromagnets.

23. Electromagnetic Induction The experiments of Faraday and Henry, magnetic flux, Faraday’s Law of induction, Lenz’s law and conservation of energy, motional electromotive force, energy consideration - A quantitative study, Eddy currents, inductance, mutual inductance, self-inductance, AC generator.

24. Alternating Current AC voltage applied to a resistor, representation of AC current and voltage by rotating vectors - Phasors, AC voltage applied to an inductor, AC voltage applied to a capacitor, AC voltage applied to a series LCR circuit, Phasor – viagram Solution, analytical solution, resonance, sharpness of resonance, Power in AC circuit: The power factor, Wattless current LC oscillations, transformers.

25. Electromagnetic Waves Displacement Current, Maxwell’s equations, electromagnetic waves, sources of electromagnetic waves, Nature of electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic spectrum: Radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, Visible rays, Ultraviolet rays, X-rays, Gamma rays.

26. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Electron emission, Photoelectric Effect, Hertz’s observations, Hallwachs and Lenard’s observations, experimental study of photoelectric effect, effect of intensity of light on photocurrent, Effect of potential on photoelectric current, effect of frequency of incident radiation on stopping potential, Photoelectric effect and wave theory of Light, Einstein’s Photoelectric equation, Energy Quantum of Radiation, particle nature of light, The photon, wave nature of matter, photocell, Davisson and germer experiment

27. Atoms Alpha particle scattering and Rutherford’s nuclear model of atom, Alpha particle trajectory, electron orbits, Atomic Spectra, Spectral series, Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, energy

levels, Franck – Hertz experiment, the line spectra of the hydrogen atom, deBroglie’s explanation of Bohr’s second postulate of quantisation.

28. Nuclei Atomic masses and composition of nucleus, discovery of neutron, size of the nucleus, Mass - Energy, Nuclear Binding Energy, Binding energy of Nuecleon and its variation with Mass Number,Nuclear Force, Radioactivity - Law of radioactive decay, half life and mean life of a Radioactive material, Alpha decay, Beta decay and Gamma decay, Nuclear energy, Fission, Nuclear reactor, Nuclear Fusion, energy generation in stars, Controlled thermonuclear fusion.

29. Semiconductor Electronics Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits: Classification of metals, conductors and semiconductors on the basis of conductivity and energy bands, Band theory of solids, Intrinsic semiconductor, Extrinsic semiconductor, p-type semiconductor, N-type semiconductor, P-n junction, forward bias, reverse bias, Semiconductor diode, Application of junction diode as a rectifier, Zener Diode, Zener Diode as a voltage regulator, Optoelectronic junction devices, Photodiode, light emitting diode, solar cell. Junction transistor, structure and action, Basic transistor circuit configurations and transistor characteristics, transistor as a switch and as an amplifier (CE – Configuration), Feedback amplifier and Transistor oscillator, Digital Electronics and logic gates, NOT, OR and, NAND and NOR Gates, Integrated circuits. 30. 30. Communication System Elements of a Communication system, basic terminology used in electronic communication systems, Bandwidth of signals, Bandwidth of transmission medium, propagation of electromagnetic waves, Ground waves, sky waves, Space wave, modulation and its necessity, size of the antenna or aerial, Effective power radiated by an antenna, mixing up of signals from different transmitters, Amplitude modulation, Production of amplitude modulated wave, Detection of amplitude modulated wave.

Chemistry 

Unit-1 Atomic Structure Sub Atomic particles, Atomic models, Developments to the Bohr’s model of atom, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation, Particle nature of electromagnetic radiation, Planck’ s quantum theory, Evidence for the quantised electronic energy levels : Atomic spectra, Bohr’s model for Hydrogen atom, Explanation of line spectrum of hydrogen, Limitations of Bohr’s model, Quantum mechanical considerations of sub atomic particles, Dual behaviour of matter, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Quantum mechanical model of an atom. Important features of Quantum mechanical model of atom, Orbitals and quantum numbers, Shapes of atomic orbitals, Energies of orbitals, Filling of orbitals in atoms. Aufbau Principle, Pauli’s exclusion Principle and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Electronic configurations of atoms, Stability of half-filled and completely filled orbitals.

Unit-2: Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties Genesis of periodic classification, Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic table, Nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than100, Electronic configuration of elements and the periodic table, Electronic configuration and types of elements s, p, d and f blocks, Trends in physical properties (a) Atomic radius, (b) Ionic radius (c) Variation of size in inner transition elements, (d) Ionization enthalpy, (e) Electron gain enthalpy, (f) Electro negativity, Periodic trends in chemical properties (a) Periodicity of Valence or Oxidation states, (b) Anomalous properties of second period elements – diagonal relationship, Periodic trends and chemical reactivity.

Unit-3: Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure Kossel - Lewis approach to chemical bonding, Octet rule, Lewis representation of simple molecules, formal charges, limitations of octet rule, Ionic or electrovalent bond - Factors favourable for the formation of ionic compounds- Crystal structure of sodium chloride, Lattice Enthalpy: General properties of ionic compounds, Bond Parameters - Bond length, Bond angle and Bond enthalpy, bond order, Resonance Polarity of bonds dipole moment - Fajan rules, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, Predicting the geometry of simple molecules, Valence bond theory-Orbital overlap concept Directional properties of bonds-overlapping of atomic orbitals- types of overlapping and nature of covalent bonds-strength of sigma and pi bonds - Factors favouring the formation of covalent bonds, Hybridisation- Different types of hybridization involving s, p and d orbitals- shapes of simple covalent molecules, Coordinate bond - definition with examples, Molecular orbital theory - Formation of molecular orbitals, Linear

combination of atomic orbitals(LCAO)-conditions for combination of atomic orbitals-, Types of Molecular orbitals, Energy level diagrams for molecular orbitals -, Electronic configuration and Molecular Behaviour, Bonding in some homo nuclear diatomic molecules- H2, He2, Li2, B2, C2, N2 and O2, Hydrogen bonding-cause of formation of hydrogen bond - Types of hydrogen bonds-Inter and intra molecular - General properties of hydrogen bonds.

Unit-4: States of Matter: Gases and Liquids: Intermolecular forces, Thermal Energy, Intermolecular forces Vs Thermal interactions, The Gaseous State, The Gas Laws, Ideal gas equation, Graham’s law of diffusion - Dalton’s Law of partial pressures, Kinetic molecular theory of gases, Kinetic gas equation of an ideal gas (No derivation) deduction of gas laws from Kinetic gas equation, Distribution of molecular speeds, Kinetic Energy, Behaviour of real gases - Deviation from Ideal gas behaviour - Compressibility factor Vs Pressure diagrams of real gases, Liquification of gases, Liquid state, Vapour Pressure, Surface tension, Viscosity.

Unit-5: Stoichiometry Significant figures, Laws of Chemical Combinations - Law of Conservation of Mass, Law of Definite Proportions, Law of Multiple Proportions, Atomic and molecular masses- mole concept and molar mass. Concept of equivalent weight, Percentage composition of compounds and calculations of empirical and molecular formulae of compounds, Stoichiometry and stoichiometric calculations- limiting reagent, Methods of Expressing concentrations of solutions- mass percent, mole fraction, molarity, Molality and normality, Redox reactions-Classical idea of redox reactions, oxidation and reduction reactions- redox reactions in terms of electron transfer, Oxidation number concept, Types of Redox reactions- Combination, decomposition, Displacement and disproportionation reactions, Balancing of redox reactionsoxidation number method half reaction (ion-electron)method, Redox reactions in titrimetry.

Unit-6: Thermodynamics Thermodynamic Terms, The system and the surroundings, Types of systems and surroundings, The state of the system, The Internal Energy as a State Function. (a) Work (b) Heat (c) The general case, the first law of Thermodynamics, Applications, Work,

Enthalpy, H- a useful new state function, Extensive and intensive properties, The relationship between Cp and Cv, Measurement of ∆U and ∆H: Calorimetry, Enthalpy change, ∆rH of reactions- Reaction Enthalpy (a) Standard enthalpy of reactions, (b) Enthalpy changes during transformations, (c) Standard enthalpy of formation, (d) Thermochemical equations (e) Hess’s law of constant Heat summation, Enthalpies for different types of reactions. (a) Standard enthalpy of combustion (∆cH 0), (b) Enthalpy of atomization (∆aH 0 ), phase transition, sublimation and ionization, (c) Bond Enthalpy (∆bondH 0 ), (d) Enthalpy of solution (∆solH 0 ) and dilution-lattice enthalpy, Spontaneity. (a) Is decrease in enthalpy a criterion for spontaneity? (b) Entropy and spontaneity, the second law of thermodynamics, (c) Gibbs Energy and spontaneity, Absolute entropy and the third law of thermodynamics.

Unit-7: Chemical Equilibrium and Acids-Bases Equilibrium in Physical process, Equilibrium in chemical process - Dynamic Equilibrium, Law of chemical Equilibrium - Law of mass action and Equilibrium constant, Homogeneous Equilibria, Equilibrium constant in gaseous systems. Relationship between KP and Kc, Heterogeneous Equilibria, Applications of Equilibrium constant, Relationship between Equilibrium constant K, Reaction quotient Q and Gibbs energy G, Factors affecting Equilibria.-Le-chatlier principle application to industrial synthesis of Ammonia and Sulphur trioxide, Ionic Equilibrium in solutions, Acids, Bases and salts- Arrhenius, BronstedLowry and Lewis concepts of acids and bases, Ionisation of Acids and Bases - Ionisation constant of water and its ionic product- P H scale-ionisation constants of weak acids-ionisation of weak bases-relation between Ka and Kb-Di and poly basic acids and di and poly acidic Bases-Factors affecting acid strength- Common ion effect in the ionization of acids and bases- Hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, Buffer solutions - Solubility Equilibria of sparingly soluble salts. Solubility product constant Common ion effect on solubility of Ionic salts.

Unit-8 Hydrogen and its Compound Position of hydrogen in the periodic table, Dihydrogen-Occurrence and Isotopes, Preparation and properties of dihydrogen, uses of H2, Hydrides: Ionic, covalent and non-stoichiometric hydrides, Water: Physical properties, structure of water, ice. Chemical properties of water, Hard and soft water, Temporary and permanent hardness of water, Hydrogen Peroxide: Preparation, Properties, Structure, Storage and uses. Heavy Water, Hydrogen as a fuel.

Unit-9 The s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals) Group 1 Elements :Alkali metals, Electronic configurations, Atomic and Ionic radii, Ionisation enthalpy, Hydration enthalpy, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Uses, General characteristics of the compounds of the alkali metals: Oxides, Halides, Salts of oxo Acids, Anomalous properties of Lithium: Differences and similarities with other alkali metals, Diagonal relationship, Similarities between Lithium and Magnesium, Some important compounds of Sodium: Sodium Chloride, Sodium carbonate, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium bicarbonate, Biological importance of Sodium and potassium. Group 2 Elements: Alkaline earth elements, Electronic configuration, Ionization enthalpy, Hydration enthalpy, Physical properties, Chemical properties, Uses, General characteristics of compounds of the Alkaline Earth Metals: Oxides, Hydroxides, Halides, Salts of oxy acids (Carbonates, Sulphates and Nitrates), Anomalous behavior of beryllium, its diagonal relationship with Aluminium, Some important compounds of calcium: Preparation and uses of Calcium Hydroxide, Quick lime, Calcium Carbonate, Plaster of Paris, Cement, Biological importance of Calcium and Magnesium.

Unit-10 p- Block Elements Group 13 (Boron Family) General introduction – Electronic configuration, Atomic radii, Lonization enthalpy, Electro negativity, Physical & Chemical properties Aluminum reactivity towards acids & alkalies, Important trends and anomalous properties of boron, Some important compounds of Boron- Borax, orthoboric acid, Diborane, Uses of boron, aluminum and their compounds.

Unit-11 p-Block Elements-Group 14 (Carbon Family) General introduction – Electronic configuration, atomic radii, Ionization enthalpy, Electro negativity, Physical & Chemical properties, Important trends and anomalous properties of carbon, Allotropes of carbon, Uses of carbon, Some important compounds of Carbon and Silicon: Carbon Monoxide, Carbon dioxide, Silica, Silicones, Silicates, Zeolites.

Unit-12 Environmental Chemistry Definition of terms: Air, Water, Soil Pollutions, Environmental Pollution, Atmospheric Pollution, Acid rain, Particulate pollutants, Stratospheric pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Strategies to control Environmental pollution, Green Chemistry.

Unit-13 Organic Chemistry-Some Basic Principle and Technique and Hydro Carbons General introduction, Tetravalency of Carbon: shapes of organic compounds, Structural representations of organic compounds, Classification of organic compounds, Nomenclature of organic compounds, Isomerism, Fundamental concepts in organic reaction mechanisms, Fission of covalent bond, Nucleophiles and electrophiles, Electron movements in organic reactions, Electron displacement effects in covalent bonds: inductive effect, resonance, resonance effect, electromeric effect, hyper conjugation, Types of Organic reactions, Methods of purification of Organic compounds, Qualitative elemental analysis of Organic compounds, Quantitative elemental analysis. Hydrocarbons: Classification of Hydrocarbons, Alkanes - Nomenclature, Isomerism (structural and conformations of ethane only), Preparation of alkanes, Properties - Physical properties and chemical reactivity, Substitution reactions – Halogenation, controlled oxidation, Isomerisation, Aromatization and reaction with steam, Alkenes- Nomenclature, structure of ethene, Isomerism, Methods of preparation, Properties-Physical and chemical reactions: Addition of dihydrogen, Halogen, Water, Sulphuric acid, Hydrogen halides (Mechanism- ionic and peroxide effect, Markovnikov’s, Anti-Markovnikov’s or Kharasch effect). Oxidation, Ozonolysis and Polymerisation, Alkynes - Nomenclature and Isomerism, Structure of acetylene. Methods of preparation of acetylene, Physical properties, Chemical reactions- Acidic character of alkyne, addition reactions-of hydrogen, Halogen, Hydrogen halides and water. Polymerization, Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Nomenclature and isomerism, Structure of benzene, Resonance and aromaticity, Preparation of benzene. Physical properties. Chemical properties: Mechanism of electrophilic substitution. Electrophilic substitution reactions- Nitration, Sulphonation, Halogenation, FriedelCraft’s alkylation and acylation, Directive influence of functional groups in mono substituted benzene, Carcinogenicity and toxicity.

Unit-14 Solid State General characteristics of solid state, Amorphous and crystalline solids, Classification of crystalline solids based on different binding forces (molecular, ionic, metallic and covalent solids), Probing the structure of solids: X-ray crystallography, Crystal lattices and unit cells. Bravais lattices primitive and centered unit cells, Number of atoms in a unit cell (primitive, body centered and face centered cubic unit cell),Close packed structures: Close packing in one dimension, in two dimensions and in three dimensions- Tetrahedral and octahedral voids- Formula of a compound and number of voids filled- locating Tetrahedral and octahedral voids, Packing efficiency in simple cubic, Bcc and in hcp, Ccp lattice, Calculations involving unit cell dimensions-Density of the unit cell, Imperfections in solids-types of point defectsstoichiometric and non-stoichiometric defects, Electrical properties-Conduction of electricity in metals, semiconductors and insulators- Band theory of metals, Magnetic properties

Unit-15 Solutions Types of solutions, Expressing concentration of solutions-Mass percentage, Volume percentage, Mass by volume percentage, Parts per million, Mole fraction, Molarity and molality, Solubility: Solubility of a solid in a liquid, solubility of a gas in a liquid, Henry’s law, Vapour pressure of liquid solutions: V apour pressure of liquid- liquid solutions. Raoult’s law as a special case of Henry’s law -vapour pressure of solutions of solids in liquids, Ideal and non-ideal solutions, Colligative properties and determination of molar mass-relative lowering of vapour pressure-elevation of boiling point-depression of freezing point-osmosis and osmotic pressure-reverse osmosis and water purification, Abnormal molar masses-van’t Hoff factor

Unit-16 Electrochemistry and Chemical Kinetics Electrochemistry: Electrochemical cells, Galvanic cells: measurement of electrode potentials, Nernst equation- equilibrium constant from Nernst equation- Electrochemical cell and Gibbs energy of the cell reaction, Conductance of electrolytic solutions-Measurement of the conductivity of ionic solutions-variation of conductivity and molar conductivity with concentration-Strong electrolytes and weak Electrolytes-Applications of Kohlrausch’s law, Electrolytic cells and electrolysis: Faraday’s laws of Electrolysis-Products of electrolysis, Batteries: Primary batteries and secondary batteries, Fuel cells, Corrosion of metals-Hydrogen economy. Chemical Kinetics: Rate of a chemical reaction, Factors influencing rate of a

reaction: dependence of rate on concentration- rate expression and rate constant-order of a reaction, Molecularity of a reaction, Integrated rate equations-Zero order reactions-First order reactions- Halflife of a reaction, Pseudo first order reactions, Temperature dependence of the rate of a reaction - Effect of catalyst, Collision theory of chemical reaction rates

Unit-17 Surface Chemistry Adsorption: Distinction between adsorption and absorption-Mechanism of adsorption- Types of adsorption- Characteristics of physisorption characteristics of chemisorption- adsorption isotherms- adsorption from solution phase Applications of adsorption, Catalysis: catalysts, promoters and poisons-autocatalysis- Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis- Adsorption theory of heterogeneous catalysis- important features of solid catalysts: (a) Activity (b) Selectivity- Shape- Selective catalysis by zeolites- Enzyme catalysis- Characteristics and mechanism- catalysts in industry Colloids: Classification of colloids: Classification based on physical state of dispersed phase and dispersion medium- Classification based on nature of interaction between dispersed phase and dispersion medium- Classification based on type of particles of the dispersed phase, multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids-cleansing action of soaps-Preparation of colloids-Purification of colloidal solutions- properties of colloidal solutions: Colligative properties, Tyndal effect, colour, Brownian movement-Charge on colloidal particles, Electrophoresis, Coagulation-Precipitation methods-Coagulation of lyophilic sols and protection of colloids Emulsions, Colloids around us-Application of colloids.

Unit-18 General Principle of Metallurgy Occurrence of metals, Concentration of ores- levigation, Magnetic separation, Froth floatation leaching, Extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore-conversion to oxide, Reduction of oxide to the metal, Thermodynamic principles of metallurgy-Ellingham diagram-limitations- Applications-Extraction of iron, Copper and zinc from their oxides, Electrochemical principles of metallurgy, Oxidation and reduction, Refining of crude metal-distillation, liquation poling, electrolysis, zone refining and vapour phase refining, Uses of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

Unit-19 p-Block Elements Group-15 Elements: Occurrence-Electronic configuration, Atomic and ionic radii, Ionization Enthalpy, Electro Negativity, Physical and chemical properties, Dinitrogen-preparation, properties and uses, Compounds of nitrogen-preparation, Properties and uses of ammonia, Oxides of nitrogen, Preparation and properties of nitric acid, Phosphorous-Allotropic forms, Phosphine- preparation and properties, Phosphorous halides, Oxoacids of phosphorous, Phosphorous halides & Oxo acids of phosphorous Group-16 Elements: Occurrence-electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, electro negativity, Physical and chemical properties, Dioxygen preparation, properties and uses, Simple oxides, Ozone-preparation, Properties, structure and uses, Sulphur-allotropic forms, Sulphur dioxide-preparation, Properties and uses, Oxoacids of sulphur, Sulphuric acid-industrial process of manufacture, Properties and uses. Group-17 Elements: Occurrence, Electronic configuration, atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, Electronegativity, physical and chemical properties, Chlorinepreparation, Properties and uses, Hydrogen chloride- preparation, properties and uses, Oxoacids of halogens, Interhalogen compounds-preparation, properties and uses. Group-18 Elements: Occurrence, Electronic configuration, ionization enthalpy, atomic radii, Electron gain enthalpy, Physical and chemical properties(a) Xenon-fluorine compounds- XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 -preparation, Hydrolysis and formation of fluoro anions-structures of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6 (b) Xenon-oxygen compounds XeO3and XeOF4 -their formation and structures-Uses of noble gases.

Unit-20 d and f Block Elements & Coordination Compounds d and f block elements: Position in the periodic table, Electronic configuration of the d-block elements, General properties of the transition elements (d-block) -Physical properties, Variation in atomic and ionic sizes of transition series, Ionization enthalpies, Oxidation states, trends in the M²+ /M and M³+ /M²+ standard electrode potentials, Trends in stability of higher oxidation states, Chemical reactivity and E θ values, Magnetic properties, Formation of coloured ions, Formation of complex compounds, Catalytic properties, Formation of interstitial compounds, Alloy formation, Some important compounds of transition elements- Oxides and oxo-anions of metals-Uses of potassium dichromate and potassium permanganate- Structures of chromate, Dichromate, manganate and permanganate ions, Inner transition elements(f-block)-lanthanoids- Electronic configuration-Atomic and ionic sizes-Oxidation states- General characteristics, The Actinoids- Electronic configurations, Ionic sizes, Oxidation states, General characteristics and comparison with lanthanoids, Some applications of d and f block elements. Coordination compounds: Werner’s theory of coordination compounds, Definitions of some terms used in coordination compounds, Nomenclature of coordination compounds-IUPAC nomenclature, Isomerism in coordination compounds-(a)Stereo isomerism- Geometrical and optical isomerism (b)Structural isomerism- linkage, coordination, ionization and solvate isomerism Bonding in coordination compounds. (a)Valence bond theory - magnetic properties of coordination compounds-limitations of valence bond theory (b) Crystal field theory (i) Crystal field splitting in octahedral and tetrahedral coordination entities (ii) Colour in Coordination Compounds- limitations of crystal field theory, Bonding in metal carbonyls, Stability of coordination compounds, Importance and applications of coordination compounds.

Unit-21 Polymers Classification of Polymers -Classification based on source, structure, mode of polymerisation, molecular forces and growth polymerisation, Types of polymerisation reactions- addition polymerisation or chain growth polymerisation- Ionic polymerisation, Free radical mechanism-preparation of addition polymers- polythene, Teflon and poly acrylonitrilecondensation polymerisation or step growth polymerisation-Polyamides- Preparation of Nylon 6,6 and nylon 6-Polyesters- Terylene- Bakelite, Melamine, Formaldehyde polymer- CopolymerisationRubber- Natural rubber-vulcanisation of rubber-Synthetic rubbers- Preparation of neoprene and buna-N, Molecular mass of polymers-Number average and weight average molecular masses- poly dispersity index(PDI), Biodegradable polymers- poly β-Hydroxy butyrate-Co β-Hydroxy Velarate (PHBV), Nylon 2-nylon 6, Polymers of commercial importance- poly propene, polystyrene, poly vinyl chloride(PVC), urea- formaldehyde resin, glyptal, bakelite- their monomers, structures and uses

Unit-22 Biomolecules Carbohydrates-Classification of carbohydrates- Monosaccharides: preparation of glucose from sucrose and starch-Properties and structure of glucose-D, L configurations and (+), (-) configurations of glucose-Structure of fructose, Disaccharides:

Sucrosepreparation, structure, Invert sugar- Structures of maltose and lactose- Polysaccharides: Structures of starch, Cellulose and glycogen- Importance of carbohydrates, Amino acids: Natural amino acidsclassification of amino acids-structures and D and L forms-Zwitterions, Proteins-Structures, Classification, fibrous and globular- Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary structures of proteins- Denaturation of proteins, Enzymes: Enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action, Vitamins: Explanation-names- Classification of vitamins - sources of vitamins-deficiency diseases of different types of vitamins, Nucleic acids: Chemical composition of nucleic acids, structures of nucleic acids, DNA fingerprinting biological functions of nucleic acids, Hormones: Definition, different types of hormones, their production, Biological activity, Diseases due to their abnormal activities.

Unit-23 Chemistry in Everydaylife- Drigs and their classification (a) Classification of drugs on the basis of pharmacological effect (b) Classification of drugs on the basis of drug action (c) Classification of drugs on the basis of chemical structure (d) Classification of drugs on the basis of molecular targets, Drug-Target interaction-Enzymes as drug targets (a) Catalytic action of enzymes (b) Drug-enzyme interaction Receptors as drug targets, Therapeutic action of different classes of drugs: Antacids, Antihistamines, Neurologically active drugs: Tranquilizers, Analgesics– Non- Narcotic, Narcotic Analgesics, Antimicrobials-Antibiotics, Antiseptics and Disinfectants-antifertility drugs, Chemicals in food- artificial sweetening agents, Food Preservatives, Antioxidants in food, Cleansing agents-soaps and synthetic detergents.

Unit-24 Halo Alkanes and Halo Arenes Classification and nomenclature, Nature of C-X bond, Methods of preparation: Alkylhalides and arylhalides-from alcohols, from hydrocarbons (a) by free radical halogenation (b) by electrophilic substitution (c) by replacement of diazonium group (Sandmeyer reaction) (d) by the addition of hydrogen halides and halogens to alkenes-by halogen exchange reactions (Finkelstein reaction), Physical properties-melting and boiling points, density and solubility, Chemical reactions: Reactions of haloalkanes (i) Nucleophilic substitution reactions (a) SN² mechanism (b) SN¹mechanism (c) stereo chemical aspects of nucleophilic substitution

reactions-optical activity (ii) Elimination reactions (iii) Reaction with metals-Reactions of haloarenes: (i) Nucleophilic substitution (ii) Electrophilic substitution and (iii) Reaction with metals, Polyhalogen compounds: Uses and environmental effects of dichloro methane, trichloromethane, triiodomethane, tetrachloro methane, freons and DDT

Unit-25 Organic Compounds Containing C, H and O (Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylicacids) Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers: Alcohols, phenols and ethers-classification, Nomenclature: (a)Alcohols, (b) phenols and (c) ethers, Structures of hydroxy and ether functional groups, Methods of preparation: Alcohols from alkenes and carbonyl compounds, from Grignard reagents, Phenols from haloarenes, Benzene sulphonic acid, Diazonium salts, cumene, Physical properties of alcohols and phenols, Chemical reactions of alcohols and phenols (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond in alcohols-Acidity of alcohols and phenols, esterification (ii) Reactions involving cleavage of C-O bond-reactions with HX, PX3, dehydration and oxidation (iii) Reactions of phenols-electrophilic aromatic substitution, Kolbe’s reaction, Reimer - Tiemann reaction, Reaction with zinc dust, oxidation, Commercially important alcohols (methanol, ethanol) Ethers-Methods of preparation: By dehydration of alcohols, Williamson synthesis- Physical Properties- Chemical reactions: Cleavage of C-O bond and electrophilic substitution of aromatic ethers (anisole). Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature and structure of carbonyl group, Preparation of aldehydes and ketones-(1) by oxidation of alcohols (2) by dehydrogenation of alcohols (3) from hydrocarbons -Preparation of aldehydes (1) from acyl chlorides (2) from nitriles and esters (3) from hydrocarbons-Preparation of ketones (1)from acyl chlorides (2) from nitriles (3) from benzene or substituted benzenes, Physical properties of aldehydes and ketones, Chemical reactions of aldehydes and ketones-nucleophilic addition, reduction, oxidation, reactions due to α-Hydrogen and other reactions (Cannizzaro reaction, electrophilic substitution reaction),Uses of aldehydes and ketones. Carboxylic acids: Nomenclature and structure of carboxyl group, Methods of preparation of carboxylic acids (1) from primary alcohols and aldehydes (2) from alkyl benzenes (3) from nitriles and amides (4) from Grignard reagents (5) from acyl halides and anhydrides (6) from esters, Physical properties, Chemical reactions: (i) Reactions involving cleavage of O-H bond-acidity, reactions with metals and alkalies (ii) Reactions involving cleavage of C-OH bond- formation of anhydride, reactions with PCl5, PCl3, SOCl2, esterification and reaction with ammonia (iii) Reactions involving-COOH group-reduction, decarboxylation (iv) Substitution reactions in the hydrocarbon part-halogenation and ring substitution, Uses of carboxylic acids.

Unit-26: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN: Amines: Structure of amines, Classification, Nomenclature, Preparation of amines: reduction of nitro compounds, ammonolysis of alkyl halides, reduction of nitriles, reduction of amides, Gabriel phthalimide synthesis and Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction, Physical properties, Chemical reactions: basic character of amines, alkylation, acylation, carbyl amine reaction, reaction with nitrous acid, reaction with aryl sulphonyl chloride, electrophilic substitution of aromatic amines (aniline)-bromination, nitration and sulphonation. DIAZONIUM SALTS- Methods of preparation of diazonium salts (by diazotisation), Physical properties, Chemical reactions: Reactions involving displacement of Nitrogen, reactions involving retention of di azo group – coupling reactions, Importance of diazonium salts in synthesis of aromatic compounds Cyanides and Isocyanides: Structure and nomenclature of cyanides and isocyanides, Preparation, physical properties and chemical reactions of cyanides and isocyanide.

Admit Card

Hall Ticket/Admit Card

• The hall ticket can be downloaded from the EAPCET site after it’s notified.
• The hall ticket will have the candidate’s Name, Date of Birth, Gender, Category, Test Centre Name, Date and Time of examination.
• Candidates are required to produce the hall ticket at the test centre without which entry will not be allowed.

Note
The candidate does not have the option of choosing a specific date/ session to appear for the AP EAPCET entrance examination. This information is known to the candidate only after downloading the Hall Ticket. For any reason, if the candidate fails to appear in the given slot, he/she is treated as absent

Result

• A merit list will be prepared based on the combined score obtained by giving 75% weightage to  AP-EAPCET normalized marks and 25% weightage to 10+2 marks.
• The rank card can be downloaded from the EAPCET website.
• The result for AP-EAPCET will be declared as per schedule.

Answer Key

• The preliminary answer keys of AP-EAPCET (Engineering) will be made available on the AP-EAPCET website after it’s notified.
• If anyone is unsatisfied with an answer, the candidate can file an objection on or before the stipulated date along with all supporting documents/ justification.
• The decision of the Expert Committee will be final.

Preparation Tips

Preparing for AP EAPCET 2026 requires a smart study plan, consistency, and the right resources. Candidates should focus on understanding the exam pattern, following a proper timetable, using quality study materials, and revising regularly to improve their performance.

Know the Exam Pattern

Before starting your preparation, it is important to understand the AP EAPCET 2026 exam pattern thoroughly. Knowing the structure of the exam will help you understand the type of questions asked, the marking scheme, and the overall format of the test. Candidates should also carefully go through the official syllabus to identify all the topics and subjects that will be covered in the examination.

Create a Study Timetable

A well-planned study timetable is essential for effective preparation. Make a realistic schedule according to your strengths and weaknesses, and ensure that you cover different subjects and topics every day. Include short breaks between study sessions to stay fresh and focused. It is also beneficial to wake up early and utilize the morning hours for productive study.

Get Your Study Materials Ready

Make sure you have all the required study materials before beginning your preparation. This should include:

• Andhra Pradesh Class 12 syllabus books
• Reference books
• Practice papers
• Previous years’ question papers

Using a variety of study materials can strengthen your understanding and improve your preparation level.

Revise Regularly

Revision plays a key role in exam preparation. Regular revision helps you retain what you have studied and improves your confidence before the exam. Set aside enough time in your daily or weekly study schedule for revision. It will also help you identify weak areas that need more attention and deeper understanding

Application Process

Application Procedure

1. Candidates need to visit the EAPCET website and enter basic details.
2. Pay the Application fee through Credit Card/ Debit Card/ AP Online Centre.
3. Fill the application form and submit it.
4. Take a printout of the application summary page.

Application Correction

• Candidates will be provided with a facility to make corrections in their application form particulars.
• It is a one-time facility and is extended to the candidates to avoid any hardship to them.
• The correction facility will be available as per schedule.

Admission Procedure

• The admission will be purely based on the merit in the rank list prepared based on the combined score obtained by giving 75% weightage to AP-EAPCET normalized marks and 25% weightage to 10+2 marks.
• The list of institutions with intake in each discipline and category will be available on the EAPCET website after the result declaration.

Important Information

• Students need to bring Hall Ticket along with Filled in Online Application Form with duly affixed recent colour passport size photograph attested by Gazetted Officer (or) the Principal of the College where the candidate has studied the qualifying examination.
• The signature of the candidate and left-hand thumb impression is to be filled in the respective spaces provided in the Filled In Online Application form in the presence of the invigilator only.

FAQs

Which documents should a candidate carry to the AP EAPCET 2026 test center?

Hall Ticket, Black/Blue Ball Point Pen, Filled in Online Application form along with attested copy of Caste Certificate (Caste Certificate in case of SC/ST category only)

What is the examination duration and timings?

Exam Duration: 3 Hours (Mandatory)

Exam Timings: FN session: 09.00 AM to 12:00 Noon

                        AN session: 02.00 PM to 05.00 PM

Will I able to attend any session for AP EAPСЕТ 2026?

No, You have to attend for the particular session for which Date and Time are mentioned in Hall Ticket.

If I get a difficult question paper, will it be taken care during valuation process?

APEAPCET-2026 is being conducted in multiple sessions based on the same syllabus, same pattern for candidates having same eligibility criteria.

A candidate will be eligible to appear only in one session.

Since the question paper will be different for each session, there is a possibility that the candidates compare themselves about the variation in the difficulty level of questions.

However, it may be noted that utmost care will be taken so that all the papers are of same standard. Further, it is decided to adopt a normalization process to eliminate any such variations in the difficulty level of various sessions.

The Normalization procedure that has been adopted for AP EAPCET-2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025 is being continued for AP EAPCET-2026 also.

When and where will I get my Login credentials to the Computer Based Test?

Login ID and Password will be announced 15 min before the commencement of the examination in the Test center